![]() Motor neurons – also known as efferent neurons, transmit signals from the CNS to skeletal and muscle to either directly or indirectly control muscle movements.For instance, when touching a rough surface, this information will be transmitted through the sensory neurons to the brain. Sensory neurons – also known as afferent neurons, send information to the CNS from the internal organs (glands, muscle, and skin) or external stimuli (e.g., through sound, heat, touch, and light).It consists of motor neurons and sensory neurons. The somatic nervous system is involved in the relay of sensory and motor information to and from the CNS therefore, This is so it can interpret sensory information and control voluntary movements. This system processes sensory information from external stimuli (e.g., through hearing, sight, and touch) and motor information, which then carries signals to and from the CNS. The somatic nervous system is key for carrying messages throughout the body to initiate and control movement. The somatic nervous system is associated with activities traditionally thought of as conscious or voluntary. It is also involved in the acute stress response, where it works with the endocrine system to prepare the body to fight or flight. The ANS is responsible for the control of vital functions such as heartbeat and breathing. The SNS controls voluntary actions such as walking. The somatic nervous system (SNS) and the autonomic nervous system (ANS) are both parts of the peripheral nervous system. ![]() ![]() The PNS can be divided into two components: the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. This makes the PNS more susceptible to damage by trauma. Unlike the CNS, protected by the skull and the spine vertebrae, the nerves and cells of the PNS are not enclosed by bones. The PNS is thus especially important for humans to survive. The PNS also regulates autonomic functions such as breathing, heart rate, and digesting – the unconscious bodily behaviors. The main functions of the PNS are voluntary movements such as chewing food, walking, and facial expressions. Therefore, there is always a stream of incoming and outgoing information between the PNS, CNS, and the body through the form of nerve impulses. The brain can then send signals through the nerves to the muscles, resulting in the muscles moving in response. The sense organs can detect changes in the environment and relay information through the sensory nerves to the CNS. This is accomplished through nerves that carry information from sensory receptors in the eyes, ears, skin, nose, and tongue, as well as stretch receptors and nociceptors in muscles, glands, and other internal organs. The peripheral nervous system transmits information to and from the CNS. The primary function of the peripheral nervous system is to connect the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body and the external environment. The PNS connects the CNS to the rest of the body. The PNS is all the nerves that branch out from the CNS components and extend to other body parts – to the sense organs, muscles, and glands.
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